ZAMORA´S URBAN STRUCTURE

Cities are places where large amounts of people and their activities are concentrated.
The city we are going to analyze is in Castile and León, Spain. It is located near the frontier with Portugal and crossed by the Duero river. Where a prehistorical settlement was established.

The city plan shows an irregular layout , which time ago was all surrounded by a large stone wall. In addition, combined with the castle and it´s deep ditch, provided Zamora the name of "la bien cercada" because in ancient times protected Zamora´s inhabitants of invations. Actually, the wall suffered some improvements and ampliations due to the continuous increasing number of population.
The main historic buildings that keeps in, are the cathedral,  the Condes de Alba y Aliste palace , and some other churches. Although, some parisis did not have enough space inside, so they decided to go outskirts. Sadly only 3km of the wall have survived to the years.
Nowadays, the main urban functions of the historic center are cultural and residential. Some of the problems that affect the historic center are the shortage of public transport , the appearance of abbandoned houses, and ageing population. As a result some possible solutions are making wider streets to let pulic transport arrive to it, and also makin more more economic the lands otherwise the abbandoned houses will never be restored and converted in homes.


 The pattern of the expansion zone is irregual, the city was divided by three main streets Santa Clara, San Torcuarto and Balborraz. After that, some of the most representative transformations of this period can be found in the appearance of the flour bussines (Harinas Bobo)(industrial), important and beautiful bourgeois´ houses that provide a great eye enjoyment (residential), Mercado de Abastos (comercial), the construction of the train staition and also some ludic buildings as the Casino.
Despite all these changes, the main urban fuction of the área continue been residential.
Some of the problems which affect this part of the city are traffic in peak hours, building restoration, lack of services and the necesity of a better conditions public transport. However,  some possible solutions are the investment of money and some law changes to reduce traffic.



 The outskirts of the city include the residential areas created to cover the demand of the rural exodus that took place in the 1960s-70s, such as Los Bloques or San José Obrero . In addition, Zamora has residential areas created in the 80s following the Garden City model which are  located next to the hospital, in the wesrtern part of the city. Also we have some residential áreas recently crated in the Zamora´s alfoz, like Siglo XXI, or the one located in Morales del Vino. All of them following a regular pattern.
There are also industrial and business áreas including La Hiniesta and Los Llanos Industrial paks, Vistalegre or Valderaduey  situated all around Zamora. Furthermore, some Zamora´s services are Corazón de María school, Virgen de la Concha, Provincial Hospital and Recoletas  hospitals. Moreover, The main transportation networks found in this area are Autovía A-66, Nacional N-630 and Nacional N-122, apart from the Ave rails.
Some of the problems affecting the outskirts of the city are a lack of a good public transport and too much distance to the city center. However,  some possible solutions are the investment of money in public transport.

WORLD´S CITIES

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PHYSICAL ASIA

ANALYSIS OF A RURAL LANDSCAPE

An agricultural landscape is a natural area which has been modified by humans to obtain products from nature.

The image shows an inland landscape, possibly located in the Iberian Plateau.
refering to the relief, it is a plane without any elevation. The area has no vegetation, except some scarce bushes around the paths, and some few plots, so it is an scrubland landscape, this maiby hapens due to low rainfall. In addition, there are not any rivers, lakes or springs. Probably these is a problem for the farmers of the place which may build Canals to irrigate their plots. According to all these, the climateof this location sims to be arid.

The predominant use of the land is for farming, the plots which are in the image are medium-size  open fields, with dry farming crops of extensive and monoculture parcels. In addition if we pay attention, the furrows and the marks on the lots tell us that are Modern-Mechanized lands probably of a private land ownership.
In the picture we also can see a nucleated rural settlement so a secondary use of the land could be for living and building houses.

This combination of houses and Medium-size plots are typical of rural landscapes, however rural areas are having some issues.
Some of the problems are depopulation the ageing of it and the lack of services and infraestructures like schools, roats, and those ones relacionated with health care like hospitals.

 Among the measures that can be applied to deal with them, we find the creation of industries, this would draw young dependents. In addition, if the government invest in new infrasestructures, the people would not go to big citys, letting their homes alone.

PHYSICAL EUROPE

SPANI´S POPULATION

Spain has a moderate population density with 92 inhabitants per km².
However, Spain´s population is unevenly distributed according to some historical factors affecting this distribution . These factors can be socieconomic, geografical... 
Spain is the 5th most populous country in the European Union. It´most populated comunities are: Andalusia(18%), Catalonia(16.1 %), Community of Valencia(10.8%) However, La Rioja(0,67%), Ceuta(0.18%), Melilla(0.18%).

The population is unevenly distributed  because many factors.
People prefer leaving in the cost and not in high altitudes like peaks, or  mesetas. In addition, the weather is an important fact. Nevertheless places like Madrid or Valladolid are very populated due to their big and strong industry, and economical estability.

A lomos de la bestia

Hello  guys here I attach the link of a documentary I have recently watch at shool. It is realy greate👌, I promise. https://vimeo.com/80908924
1- Explain the document
The documentary shows the multiple difficultes that illegal Sudamerican immigrants must avoid to reach United States of America hoping a better life. All these excluded people enter ilegaly  through the Guatemalan border traveling 5000 kilometers north on a freigh train which they call: “the beast”.

2-Why id the train called ¨La Bestia¨?
During the voyage many people die due to drug cartells. They are assaulted, robbed, tortured or kidnapped, some others lose their legs or even their arms, as a result of fallings from the train. Besides, to have an idea of how ofull is this trip, it is enough to know that between the 65% of women that travell onto it, finish raped. Because of all this terrible information, it is called “the beast”.

3-What countries are the immigrants from?

Immigrants who travel on this train come from Sudamerican countries like México, Guatemala or Panama. 

4-What is the academic and profesional experience of the immigrants?
One of the best parts of immigration is the fact that well academic prepared people come to your country ready to work, pay taxes and expent their money. this is something which we can see in the documentary. Some of the migrants were welders, carpenters, or even lorry drivers . Most of them have families, and others even children, however what all of them have is a past, dreams, something to fight for.

5-What dangers do immigrants face during the trip?
Immigrants hwo decide to travel on the beast must face many dangers. They usualy are assaulted, robbed, tortured or kidnapped, some others lose their legs or even their arms, as a result of fallings from the train. In addtion between the 65% of women that travell onto it, finish raped. Nevertheless the train is not the only illegal route they must face to reach USA. There are about 50 blind points all around the frontier. Rivers, paths through forests can help or kill them.

6-What type of migration routes are described in the documentary ?
The immigrants who apear in the documentary travel throug south-norh routes.

7-Explain the consecuences of migrtions for both the countries that sends emmigrants and the countries which receive immigrants?

All these migration causes many consecuences for both countries, the ones which send and the one which receive.

Many immigrants do not have modals, they throw trash around, urinate publicy and harass women. Indeed, the neighborhoods throughout the country that have seen the appearance of hordes of  illegal day laborers, have noticed a declination of American citizens, and property  of nearby neighborhoods has fallen as well.

The illegal workers certainly are cheaper than native-born Americans, but the value of the menial jobs most perform landscaping unskilled labor is exceeded by the real cost of their presence. Overpopulated schools, larger classrooms and more expenditure for bilingual and specialized programs. Illegals commonly use food stamps and other forms of welfare, driving up these costs. They have been mayor users of public health allocations and emergency medical services all of which translate into higher taxes, which few of them pay.  Conversely the landscapers and construction companies are well satisfied with the cheap labour because they can shunt off the real costs to everyone else.

8-Give your opinion , explain something that you liked or not and explain why.

To sum up, USA´unemployment increases and conflicts caused by illegal immigrants raise up. However, cheap labour and real increase do it. In addition México is sending out many good people, nevertheless, due to it,  the families of these immigrants receive money from them to live.

I really liked the documentary, I think that shows in an incredible way the suffers of many people with the only purpose of having a better live.